External hemroids are characterized by painful swelling, along with hard lumps found near the anus. They are generally low in the anal canal, and don’t have much effect on the functioning of the anus.
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These hemorrhoids are covered by squamous epithelium while internal hemorrhoids are lined with columnar epithelium. It is the cutaneous nerves that supply to the perianal region tends to stimulate the area and cause painful swelling and hard lumps near the anus.
External hemroids develop near the anal opening and are usually painful as the surrounding skin is sensitive. These protrusions make hygiene and personal care difficult too. In extreme cases, hemorrhoids reveal themselves as blood clots. This is called thrombosed external hemroids where the hemorrhoid is strangulated with its blood supply cut off. This type of hemorrhoids is usually treated with surgery.
Frequent constipation and excessive diarrhea can lead to external hemorrhoids. So by avoiding constipation, you can get relief from the condition. Adding more fiber to your diet, drinking more water and regular exercise also helps in preventing constipation, which in turn helps in preventing and treating external hemorrhoids.
In addition to this, there are many over the counter creams that provide relief on application and pain killers that help in reducing the pain associated with hemorrhoids. Ice also helps in reducing the pain, along with frequent sitz baths.
Though it is possible to opt for surgery for relief from external hemorrhoids, this should be done only as a last resort. This is because not only are there the normal after effects of surgery you have to go through, but there is no guarantee that the hemorrhoids will not return after surgery.